Publications | AI Futures of Culture and Memory

2025

Neural audio instruments: epistemological and phenomenological perspectives on musical embodiment of deep learning

Victor Zappi , and Kıvanç Tatar

Frontiers in Computer Science, Aug 2025

Publisher: Frontiers

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Neural Audio is a category of deep learning pipelines which output audio signals directly, in real-time scenarios of action-sound interactions. In this work, we examine how neural audio-based artificial intelligence, when embedded in digital musical instruments (DMIs), shapes embodied musical interaction. While DMIs have long struggled to match the physical immediacy of acoustic instruments, neural audio methods can magnify this challenge, requiring data collection, model training and deep theoretical knowledge that appear to push musicians toward symbolic or conceptual modes of engagement. Paradoxically, these same methods can also foster more embodied practices, by introducing opaque yet expressive behaviors that free performers from rigid technical models and encourage discovery through tactile, real-time experimentation. Drawing on established perspectives in DMI embodiment literature, as well as emerging neural-audio-focused efforts within the community, we highlight two seemingly conflicting aspects of these instruments: on one side, they inherit many “disembodying” traits known from DMIs; on the other, they open pathways reminiscent of acoustic phenomenology and soma, potentially restoring the close physical interplay often missed in digital performance.
@article{zappi_neural_2025, title = {Neural audio instruments: epistemological and phenomenological perspectives on musical embodiment of deep learning}, volume = {7}, issn = {2624-9898}, shorttitle = {Neural audio instruments}, doi = {10.3389/fcomp.2025.1575168}, language = {English}, urldate = {2025-08-22}, journal = {Frontiers in Computer Science}, author = {Zappi, Victor and Tatar, Kıvanç}, month = aug, year = {2025}, note = {Publisher: Frontiers}, keywords = {deep learning, artificial intelligence, embodied interaction, digital musical instruments, latent space, music performance, neural audio, neural audio instruments}, }
Addressing the empowerment divide for the successful digitalisation of indigenous cultural heritage

Coppélie Cocq

In Digital indigenous cultural heritage , Aug 2025

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What do we mean by successful digitisation of Indigenous cultural heritage? Beyond the ambition to convert cultural heritage materials into accessible and shareable digital formats, we need to ask who can benefit from this process, and how to make it profitable for Indigenous communities themselves. Research about the factors and implications of the digital divide has mostly focused on issues of physical access such as connection, computers, etc.; i.e., the economic divide. The complexity of digital divides also includes a second level addressing the usability divide; i.e., in relation to skills and literacy. However, a third level, called empowerment divide and addressing the benefits and outcomes of usage, has been much less researched. This chapter addresses this third level of divide in relation to Indigenous cultural heritage; i.e., the social and cultural benefits for Indigenous users and communities, based on the study of Sami cultural heritage in two portals, Europeana and Nuohtti.
@incollection{Cocq1943952, author = {Cocq, Coppélie}, booktitle = {Digital indigenous cultural heritage}, institution = {Umeå University, Humlab}, pages = {185--203}, title = {Addressing the empowerment divide for the successful digitalisation of indigenous cultural heritage}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-76941-2_10}, keywords = {digitalisation, cultural heritage, CARE}, isbn = {978-3-031-76941-2}, year = {2025}, }
Digital transformation and research infrastructures : promises and challenges of data-driven research in a Swedish context

Stefan Gelfgren , and Coppélie Cocq

Journal of Digital Social Research (JDSR), Aug 2025

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Society is transforming due to changes in demographics, the environment, and technology, and thus faces multiple challenges. In this context, data coordination and access, collectively referred to as the digital transformation, are key to addressing anticipated societal tensions. This interview-based qualitative study focuses on how researchers responsible for large-scale population-based research infrastructure view the opportunities and dilemmas in play in the intersection between data and personal privacy. The objective is to look beyond the glossy formulations of official strategy documents to see how the digital transformation (more specifically, data-driven research) is perceived from the active researcher’s point of view, and what the intellectual negotiation process is like. What is of interest here is how the accessibility of register data is legitimized, and what developments and significant changes are simultaneously taking place. The research questions are: 1) How does the research community acknowledge the tensions and dilemmas between the possible risks and harms of large-scale, data-driven, population-based research, and its potential benefits? 2) How are the accessibility and coordination of research data justified and discussed by the research community, given the risks and potential, in relation to political and societal goals and policies? With the contemporary Swedish research context as a point of departure, these research questions are addressed based on policy documents about digitalization, and on interviews with researchers.
@article{Gelfgren1947857, author = {Gelfgren, Stefan and Cocq, Coppélie}, institution = {Umeå University, Humlab}, journal = {Journal of Digital Social Research (JDSR)}, number = {1}, pages = {1--19}, title = {Digital transformation and research infrastructures : promises and challenges of data-driven research in a Swedish context}, volume = {7}, doi = {10.33621/jdsr.v7i148805}, keywords = {Digital transformation, digital humanities, surveillance culture, data-driven research, research ethics}, year = {2025}, }
Tracing the bias loop : AI, cultural heritage and bias-mitigating in practice

Anna Foka , Gabriele Griffin , Dalia Ortiz Pablo , and 2 more authors

AI & Society: Knowledge, Culture and Communication, Aug 2025

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This article investigates the pervasive issue of bias within AI-driven cultural heritage collections, emphasizing how digital technologies both inherit and amplify existing societal and historical prejudices embedded in analogue records. It outlines the multifaceted nature of bias—ranging from data selection and annotation to algorithmic design and user interaction—demonstrating how each stage of the AI pipeline can introduce or perpetuate distortions in representation. Through a critical review of current scholarship and practical case studies, particularly in image classification, the article evaluates technical strategies such as data augmentation, adversarial debiasing, and monitoring plans for bias mitigation. The findings reveal that while methods like noise injection and colour jittering can balance datasets and improve model fairness, effective bias mitigation ultimately depends on interdisciplinary collaboration between heritage professionals, subject experts, and data scientists. The article concludes that addressing bias requires an ongoing, holistic approach, integrating both technical and humanistic perspectives from data collection to model deployment. This ensures more inclusive, accurate, and ethically sound representations of cultural heritage, supporting the sector’s goals of diversity and accessibility for future audiences.
@article{Foka1959611, author = {Foka, Anna and Griffin, Gabriele and Ortiz Pablo, Dalia and Rajkowska, Paulina and Badri, Sushruth}, institution = {Uppsala University, Human-Computer Interaction}, journal = {AI & Society: Knowledge, Culture and Communication}, title = {Tracing the bias loop : AI, cultural heritage and bias-mitigating in practice}, doi = {10.1007/s00146-025-02349-z}, keywords = {Cultural heritage, Artificial intelligence, Bias mitigation, Machine learning, Data augmentation, Interdisciplinarycollaboration, Image classification}, year = {2025}, }
Advanced Digital Skills 2035 : Future Scenarios and Implications for Policy Making on Higher Education For Digital Skills and Lifelong Learning

Anna Foka , Jan Gulliksen , Fredrik Heinz , and 1 more author

In DULEARN25 Proceedings : , Aug 2025

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In the context of Sweden’s digital transformation strategy, ensuring the availability of digital specialist competence has been identified as a critical challenge for innovation and economic growth. Current reports and analyses, including those by the OECD, highlight a growing gap between demand and supply in advanced digital skills, posing a bottleneck for industrial and technological development. To address this, the Swedish government has tasked agencies and research groups with formulating strategies for sustainable competence provision. This paper presents a future-oriented analysis aimed at outlining plausible development trajectories for digital specialist competence in Sweden up to 2035. Building on a comprehensive SWOT analysis, trend forecasting, and policy reviews, this study delineates eight distinct future scenarios that explore potential pathways for competence provision. These range from a continuation of the status quo to more transformative developments such as industry-driven initiatives, increased individual responsibility, global talent mobility, and a more flexible and responsive higher education system. Some scenarios envision a diversification of the educational landscape, including non-traditional learning environments, while others highlight systemic change through digital transformation and extensive institutional restructuring. Each scenario is analyzed in relation to key drivers such as education policy, technological advancements, labor market shifts, and international competitiveness. The study underscores that achieving sustainable digital competence provision requires more than isolated initiatives; rather, it necessitates a systemic approach integrating education, industry, and policy frameworks. Gender equality, sustainability, and lifelong learning emerge as crucial dimensions for ensuring inclusivity and adaptability in digital competence strategies. The full paper will further elaborate on these scenarios and assess the actual developments a few years after the initial projections, providing a comparative analysis of anticipated versus realized progress in Sweden’s digital competence landscape. By doing so, it aims to inform policymakers, educators, and industry stakeholders on effective strategies for aligning competence development with the rapidly evolving digital ecosystem.
@inproceedings{Foka1988919, author = {Foka, Anna and Gulliksen, Jan and Heinz, Fredrik and Loufti, Amy}, booktitle = {DULEARN25 Proceedings : }, institution = {Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology}, title = {Advanced Digital Skills 2035 : Future Scenarios and Implications for Policy Making on Higher Education For Digital Skills and Lifelong Learning}, doi = {10.21125/edulearn.2025.1276}, keywords = {Digital Specialist Competence, Future Scenarios, Education and Policy Strategies, Labor Market and Technological Development.}, isbn = {978-84-09-74218-9}, year = {2025}, }
AI and Image: : Critical Perspectives on the Application of Technology on Art and Cultural Heritage.

Anna Foka , and Jan Bonsdorff

Aug 2025

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AI and Image illustrates the importance of critical perspectives in the study of AI and its application to image collections in the art and heritage sector. The authors’ approach is that such entanglements of image and AI are neither dystopian or utopian but may amplify, reduce or condense existing societal inequalities depending on how they may be implemented in relation to human expertise and sensibility in terms of diversity and inclusion. The Element further discusses regulations around the use of AI for such cultural datasets as they touch upon legalities, regulations and ethics. In the conclusion they emphasise the importance of the professional expert factor in the entanglements of AI and images and advocate for a continuous and renegotiating professional symbiosis between human and machines. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
@book{Foka1990260, author = {Foka, Anna and von Bonsdorff, Jan}, institution = {Uppsala University, Department of Art History}, title = {AI and Image: : Critical Perspectives on the Application of Technology on Art and Cultural Heritage.}, isbn = {9781009505468}, year = {2025}, }
Comics as Heritage : Theorizing Digital Futures of Vernacular Expression

Ilan Manouach , and Anna Foka

Heritage, Aug 2025

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This paper investigates digital comics—particularly webcomics and webtoons—as emerging forms of cultural heritage, analyzing their exponential global influence alongside the limitations of traditional heritage frameworks in systematically preserving them. The UNESCO heritage model, rooted in concepts of physical fixity and authenticity, is shown as inadequate for born-digital works like comics, which derive meaning from technological infrastructure, dynamic platforms, and ongoing community interaction rather than static material forms. Drawing on heritage futures and digital materiality theories, the authors argue that digital comics exemplify "temporal authenticity," evolving through continual transformation and algorithmic curation. The paper details how platform recommendation systems and analytics directly shape which comics achieve cultural visibility and preservation, while community-driven initiatives—such as The Flashpoint Archive—demonstrate effective models for holistic, grassroots digital preservation beyond institutional reach. Ultimately, the study calls for new theoretical and practical approaches to heritage, recognizing digital comics as both cultural artifacts and dynamic, platform-specific vernacular expressions.
@article{Manouach1985532, author = {Manouach, Ilan and Foka, Anna}, institution = {Département Médias, Culture et Communication, Humanités Numériques et Cultures Vidéoludiques, Traverses, Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres, University of Liége, Liège, Belgium}, journal = {Heritage}, number = {8}, eid = {295}, title = {Comics as Heritage : Theorizing Digital Futures of Vernacular Expression}, volume = {8}, doi = {10.3390/heritage8080295}, keywords = {digital comics, cultural heritage, webtoons, digital materiality, community preservation}, year = {2025}, }

Kod & Kultur : Institutionen för ABM i Uppsala 30 år – en forskarantologi

Aug 2025

@misc{1989349,
  editor = {Rydbeck, Kerstin and Huvila, Isto and Foka, Anna},
  institution = {Uppsala University, Centre for Digital Humanities},
  title = {Kod {\&}amp; Kultur : Institutionen f{\"o}r ABM i Uppsala 30 {\aa}r – en forskarantologi},
  series = {Skrifter utgivna vid institutionen för ABM vid Uppsala universitet},
  issn = {1652-5353},
  number = {12},
  keywords = {Archival studies, Library and information science, Museum and cultural heritage studies, Digital humanities, information studies, ALM, arkivvetenskap, biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, musei- och kulturarvsvetenskap, informationsvetenskap, ABM},
  year = {2025},
}

Anticipatory Technology Ethics Reflection By Eliciting Creative AI Imaginaries Through Fictional Research Abstracts

Petra Jääskeläinen , Camilo Sanchez , and André Holzapfel

In Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency , Aug 2025

Bib

@inproceedings{jaaskelainen2025anticipatory,
  title = {Anticipatory Technology Ethics Reflection By Eliciting Creative AI Imaginaries Through Fictional Research Abstracts},
  author = {J{\"a}{\"a}skel{\"a}inen, Petra and Sanchez, Camilo and Holzapfel, Andr{\'e}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency},
  pages = {125--136},
  year = {2025},
}

The Imperfect Copy: Role Playing Reenactments of Historical Electronic Sound Instruments

Derek Holzer , André Holzapfel , and Henrik Frisk

In New Interfaces for Musical Expression , Aug 2025

Bib

@inproceedings{holzer2025imperfect,
  title = {The Imperfect Copy: Role Playing Reenactments of Historical Electronic Sound Instruments},
  author = {Holzer, Derek and Holzapfel, Andr{\'e} and Frisk, Henrik},
  booktitle = {New Interfaces for Musical Expression},
  year = {2025},
}

Imploding between the facts and concerns: analysing human–AI musical interaction

Kelsey Cotton , Anna-Kaisa Kaila , Petra Jääskeläinen , and 2 more authors

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Jun 2025

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The advancement of AI-tools for musical performance has inspired exciting opportunities for interaction with musical-AI-agents. Interactions between humans and AI-agents in musical settings entail dynamic exchanges of control and power, and framings of AI-agents’ roles by human performers. We probe these framings and power-control exchanges through qualitative thematic lenses, drawing from post-phenomenology, matters of fact and concern and feminist science and technology studies. We contribute with a novel interdisciplinary analytical method as a tool for developers and designers of AI systems to help visibilise and examine the implicit, the wider connections and entangled filaments in Human–AI musical interactions.
@article{cotton_imploding_2025, title = {Imploding between the facts and concerns: analysing human–AI musical interaction}, issn = {2662-9992}, doi = {10.1057/s41599-025-04533-4}, pdfdate = {2025-06-03}, journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, author = {Cotton, Kelsey and Kaila, Anna-Kaisa and Jääskeläinen, Petra and Holzapfel, André and Tatar, Kıvanç}, month = jun, year = {2025}, pages = {1-20}, }
Subject matters : Metadata standards and subject access for library and museum catalogues

Ahmad M. Kamal , and Koraljka Golub

In The Hermeneutics of Bibliographic Data and Cultural Metadata : , Jun 2025

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To ensure the systematic, coherent and rational description of objects in and across collections, metadata standards for subject indexing have therefore been established. These metadata standards have evolved over time to accommodate changing needs, growing and diversifying collections, and emerging digital affordances. Yet, for numerous reasons, subject metadata are neither fully nor rigorously implemented in many of today’s catalogues – whether in the backend indices or the front-end end-user interfaces – to the detriment of users. Online public library catalogues, discovery services, journal article databases, university repositories and museum catalogues all demonstrate shortcomings in how subject metadata are integrated, consolidated and leveraged (Golub 2016; Golub 2018; Golub et al. 2020; Golub, Ziolkowski and Zlodi 2022). Properly incorporated, subject metadata could greatly improve the discovery of objects within collections and (because collections are increasingly connected online) the reconciliation of descriptive information across different collections for better cross-database searching. On the other hand, digital technologies could make standardised subject access finally realise the potential always envisioned for it. To make this argument, we explore subject access and associated metadata standards in library and museum cataloguing.
@incollection{Kamal1936349, author = {Kamal, Ahmad M. and Golub, Koraljka}, booktitle = {The Hermeneutics of Bibliographic Data and Cultural Metadata : }, institution = {Linnaeus University, Department of Cultural Sciences}, pages = {204--239}, publisher = {National Library of Norway}, title = {Subject matters : Metadata standards and subject access for library and museum catalogues}, series = {Nota bene}, number = {19}, keywords = {knowledge organisation; subject access; metadata standards; libraries; archives}, isbn = {9788279655886}, year = {2025}, }
Representation of Swedish LGBTQ+ Fiction in Commercial Information Services

Koraljka Golub , and Daniel Ihrmark

Journal of Documentation, Jun 2025

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PurposeMany end users turn to Google Books and social tagging services to identify books of interest. How successful they are will depend on subject indexing applied in these services (among other factors). The study aimed to determine: (1) to what degree are Queerlit books identified as LGBTQ+ books in widely used information services, in particular Google Books, LibraryThing and Goodreads; and, (2) whether metadata in these information services could be considered of value for the Queerlit database and complement its highly extensive and highly specific indexing. Design/methodology/approachThe study compared keywords (subject index terms, tags) assigned to works of Swedish LGBTQ+ fiction across three commercial services: Google Books, Goodreads and LibraryThing, against the curated database, Queerlit. FindingsOf the 1320 LGBTQ+ works in Queerlit, only a small portion was found in the three web services: 8.26% on Google Books (n = 109), 13.26% on Goodreads (n = 175), while about half on LibraryThing (55.3%, n = 730). This underrepresentation of Swedish LGBTQ+ works in the three international commercial information services makes them hardly of value to the readers. This is exacerbated by the fact that only a minority of Queerlit books found in the three services are categorised as LGBTQ+. The Queerlit database might benefit from consulting social tagging services when indexing both LGBTQ+ specific and general themes. Originality/valueNo earlier study compared in a systematic manner four different information retrieval systems and identified challenges as well as potential benefits in relation to finding LGBTQ+ fiction.
@article{Golub1930852, author = {Golub, Koraljka and Ihrmark, Daniel}, institution = {Linnaeus University, Department of Cultural Sciences}, journal = {Journal of Documentation}, number = {7}, pages = {85--100}, title = {Representation of Swedish LGBTQ+ Fiction in Commercial Information Services}, volume = {81}, doi = {10.1108/JD-10-2024-0242}, year = {2025}, }
LGBTQ+ Fiction Indexing : Comparing the Value of Professional Index Terms, Social Tags and Automatically Assigned Terms for Information Retrieval

Koraljka Golub

In Exploring Contemporary Classification Practices : Organizing Information, Technological Change and Ideological Contestation , Jun 2025

2024

A web experience exploring spatio–linguistic data : the case of place-making signs in northern Sweden

Coppélie Cocq , O. Cenk Demiroglu , Urban Lindgren , and 2 more authors

Journal of Maps, Jun 2024

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Previous research has highlighted the limitations encountered in representing the dynamism of language use and contacts. Here, linguistic landscapes from five towns in Northern Sweden are the point of departure for investigating novel perspectives through the geovisualization of multilingualism, with the ultimate aim of understanding how languages in our surroundings help construct public spaces. As an outcome, a web GIS application, based on 6865 thematically analyzed photographs, was developed as an interactive resource for visualizing and sharing the data and enabling new modes of analysis and new research questions. The article describes the data collection and curation processes, app development using GIS software and software-as-a-service, the eventual app design and interaction, and the update and maintenance plans, as well as discussing challenges and considerations related to temporalities, spatialities, and technicalities. The web GIS has potential applications in spatial analysis, research communication, and education.
@article{Cocq1885329, author = {Cocq, Coppélie and Demiroglu, O. Cenk and Lindgren, Urban and Granstedt, Lena and Lindgren, Eva}, institution = {Umeå University, Department of language studies}, journal = {Journal of Maps}, number = {1}, eid = {2370310}, title = {A web experience exploring spatio–linguistic data : the case of place-making signs in northern Sweden}, volume = {20}, doi = {10.1080/17445647.2024.2370310}, keywords = {Linguistic landscapes, multilingualism, GIS, Experience Builder, Sweden}, year = {2024}, }
Digital ethnography : a qualitative approach to digital cultures, spaces, and socialites

Coppélie Cocq , and Evelina Liliequist

First Monday, Jun 2024

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This paper introduces principles for the application and challenges of small data ethnography in digital research. It discusses the need to incorporate ethics in every step of the research process. As teachers and researchers within the digital humanities, we argue for the value of a qualitative approach to digital contents, spaces, and phenomena. This article is relevant as a guide for students and researchers whose studies examine digital practices, phenomena, and social communities that occur in, through, or in relation to digital contexts.
@article{Cocq1856780, author = {Cocq, Coppélie and Liliequist, Evelina}, institution = {Umeå University, Centre for Regional Science (CERUM)}, journal = {First Monday}, number = {5}, publisher = {University of Illinois Libraries}, title = {Digital ethnography : a qualitative approach to digital cultures, spaces, and socialites}, volume = {29}, doi = {10.5210/fm.v29i5.13196}, keywords = {Small data, Qualitative research, Digital research}, year = {2024}, }

Humaniora, digitalisering och öppen vetenskap

Coppélie Cocq

In Humanioras betydelse : en idéskrift , Jun 2024

Bib

@incollection{Cocq1910739,
  author = {Cocq, Coppélie},
  booktitle = {Humanioras betydelse : en idéskrift},
  institution = {Umeå University, Humlab},
  pages = {95--99},
  publisher = {Humtank},
  title = {Humaniora, digitalisering och {\"o}ppen vetenskap},
  isbn = {9789198974515},
  year = {2024},
}

Hybrid language use in urban landscapes of northern Sweden

Lena Granstedt , Coppélie Cocq , Eva Lindgren , and 1 more author

In Sociolinguistic variation in urban linguistic landscapes : , Jun 2024

Series (2)Studia Fennica: ISSN 0085-6835 EISSN 2669-9605

Bib PDF

@incollection{Granstedt1862368,
  author = {Granstedt, Lena and Cocq, Coppélie and Lindgren, Eva and Lindgren, Urban},
  booktitle = {Sociolinguistic variation in urban linguistic landscapes : },
  institution = {Helsinki University},
  note = {Series (2)Studia Fennica: ISSN 0085-6835 EISSN 2669-9605 },
  pages = {37--50},
  publisher = {The Finnish Literature Society},
  title = {Hybrid language use in urban landscapes of northern Sweden},
  series = {Studia Fennica Linguistica},
  isbn = {978-951-858-870-5},
  year = {2024},
}

The S\’a;mi languages : alive and kicking

Coppélie Cocq , and Peter Steggo

Journal of Finnish Studies, Jun 2024

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The Sámi languages, all listed in UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger as endangered to various degrees, meet the various challenges they face according to the demographics of their speakers and the geographical conditions and ideological contexts in which they are spoken. The many efforts and initiatives taking place in Sámi communities indicate the vitality of these languages and their favorable development for the future. Such efforts also indicate that cultural workers, educators, and other community members engaged in the development and the transmission of languages to younger generations are central to this process. They sometimes fill a more important role than the legal and institutional structures that aim at promoting the Sámi languages. Collaboration between language communities in different countries of Sápmi is key to supporting revitalization. In this article, we provide examples of such efforts and initiatives and discuss the challenges to be addressed. We also emphasize the resilience of the Sámi languages—spoken in contemporary contexts, gaining value among the young generation, and taking on new domains.
@article{Cocq1948463, author = {Cocq, Coppélie and Steggo, Peter}, institution = {Sámi Language Center, Sámi Parliament of Sweden}, journal = {Journal of Finnish Studies}, number = {2}, pages = {231--243}, title = {The S{\’a;}mi languages : alive and kicking}, volume = {27}, doi = {10.5406/28315081.27.2.05}, keywords = {Sámi, Multilingualism, language reclamation, revitalisation}, year = {2024}, }
AI, Cultural Heritage, and Bias : Some Key Queries That Arise from the Use of GenAI

Anna Foka , and Gabriele Griffin

Heritage, Jun 2024

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Our article AI, cultural heritage, and bias examines the challenges and potential solutions for using machine learning to interpret and classify human memory and cultural heritage artifacts. We argue that bias is inherent in cultural heritage collections (CHCs) and their digital versions and that AI pipelines may amplify this bias. We hypothesise that effective AI methods require vast, well-annotated datasets with structured metadata, which CHCs often lack due to diverse digitisation practices and limited interconnectivity. This paper discusses the definition of bias in CHCs and other datasets, exploring how it stems from training data and insufficient humanities expertise in generative platforms. We conclude that scholarship, guidelines, and policies on AI and CHCs should address bias as both inherent and augmented by AI technologies. We recommend implementing bias mitigation techniques throughout the process, from collection to curation, to support meaningful curation, embrace diversity, and cater to future heritage audiences.
@article{Foka1908930, author = {Foka, Anna and Griffin, Gabriele}, institution = {Uppsala University, Centre for Gender Research}, journal = {Heritage}, number = {11}, pages = {6125--6136}, title = {AI, Cultural Heritage, and Bias : Some Key Queries That Arise from the Use of GenAI}, volume = {7}, doi = {10.3390/heritage7110287}, keywords = {Cultural Heritage, AI, Artificial Intelligence, Generative AI, GENAI, Gender, Bias, Human-in-the-loop}, year = {2024}, }
AI and Swedish Heritage Organisations : challenges and opportunities

Gabriele Griffin , Elisabeth Wennerström , and Anna Foka

AI & Society: The Journal of Human-Centred Systems and Machine Intelligence, Jun 2024

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This article examines the challenges and opportunities that arise with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods and tools when implemented within cultural heritage institutions (CHIs), focusing on three selected Swedish case studies. The article centres on the perspectives of the CHI professionals who deliver that implementation. Its purpose is to elucidate how CHI professionals respond to the opportunities and challenges AI/ML provides. The three Swedish CHIs discussed here represent different organizational frameworks and have different types of collections, while sharing, to some extent, a similar position in terms of the use of AI/ML tools and methodologies. The overarching question of this article is what is the state of knowledge about AI/ML among Swedish CHI professionals, and what are the related issues? To answer this question, we draw on (1) semi-structured interviews with CHI professionals, (2) individual CHI website information, and (3) CHI-internal digitization protocols and digitalization strategies, to provide a nuanced analysis of both professional and organisational processes concerning the implementation of AI/ML methods and tools. Our study indicates that AI/ML implementation is in many ways at the very early stages of implementation in Swedish CHIs. The CHI professionals are affected in their AI/ML engagement by four key issues that emerged in the interviews: their institutional and professional knowledge regarding AI/ML; the specificities of their collections and associated digitization and digitalization issues; issues around personnel; and issues around AI/ML resources. The article suggests that a national CHI strategy for AI/ML might be helpful as would be knowledge-, expertise-, and potentially personnel- and resource-sharing to move beyond the constraints that the CHIs face in implementing AI/ML.
@article{Griffin1758214, author = {Griffin, Gabriele and Wennerstr{\"o}m, Elisabeth and Foka, Anna}, institution = {Uppsala University, Centre for Digital Humanities}, journal = {AI & Society: The Journal of Human-Centred Systems and Machine Intelligence}, number = {5}, pages = {2359--2372}, title = {AI and Swedish Heritage Organisations : challenges and opportunities}, volume = {39}, doi = {10.1007/s00146-023-01689-y}, keywords = {AI/ML implementation, Cultural heritage professionals, Cultural heritage management, Digital management of collections, Organization}, year = {2024}, }

DASH Swedish National Doctoral School in Digital Humanities : From Local Expertise to National Research Infrastructure

Matti La Mela , Daniel Broden , Coppelie Cocq , and 4 more authors

In : , Jun 2024

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@inproceedings{LaMela1837613,
  author = {La Mela, Matti and Broden, Daniel and Cocq, Coppelie and Foka, Anna and Golub, Koraljka and LaMonica, Clelia and Westin, Jonathan},
  booktitle = { : },
  institution = {University of Gothenburg, Sweden},
  title = {DASH Swedish National Doctoral School in Digital Humanities : From Local Expertise to National Research Infrastructure},
  year = {2024},
}

Sounding out extra-normal AI voice: Non-normative musical engagements with normative AI voice and speech technologies

Kelsey Cotton , and Kıvanç Tatar

In AIMC 2024 , Aug 2024

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How do we challenge the norms of AI voice technologies? What would be a non-normative approach in finding novel artistic possibilities of speech synthesis and text-to-speech with Deep Learning? This paper delves into SpeechBrain, OpenAI and CoquiTTS voice and speech models with the perspective of an experimental vocal practitioner. Exploratory Research-through-Design guided an engagement with pre-trained speech synthesis models to reveal their musical affordances in an experimental vocal practice. We recorded this engagement with voice and speech Deep Learning technologies using auto-ethnography, a novel and recent methodology in Human-Computer Interaction. Our position in this paper actively subverts the normative function of these models, provoking nonsensical AI-mediation of human vocality. Emerging from a sense-making process of poetic AI nonsense, we uncover the generative potential of non-normative usage of normative speech recognition and synthesis models. We contribute with insights about the affordances of Research-through-Design to inform artistic working processes with AI models; how AI-mediations reform understandings of human vocality; and artistic perspectives and practice as knowledge-creation mechanisms for working with technology.
@inproceedings{cotton_sounding_2024, title = {Sounding out extra-normal AI voice: Non-normative musical engagements with normative AI voice and speech technologies}, language = {en}, booktitle = {AIMC 2024}, author = {Cotton, Kelsey and Tatar, Kıvanç}, month = aug, year = {2024}, }
Singing for the Missing: Bringing the Body Back to AI Voice and Speech Technologies

Kelsey Cotton , Katja Vries , and Kıvanç Tatar

In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Movement and Computing , Utrecht, Netherlands, May 2024

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Technological advancements in deep learning for speech and voice have contributed to a recent expansion in applications for voice cloning, synthesis and generation. Invisibilised stakeholders in this expansion are numerous absent bodies, whose voices and voice data have been integral to the development and refinement of these speech technologies. This position paper probes current working practices for voice and speech in machine learning and AI, in which the bodies of voices are “invisibilised". We examine the facts and concerns about the voice-Body in applications of AI-voice technology. We do this through probing the wider connections between voice data and Schaefferian listening; speculating on the consequences of missing Bodies in AI-Voice; and by examining how vocalists and artists working with synthetic Bodies and AI-voices are ‘bringing the Body back’ in their own practices. We contribute with a series of considerations for how practitioners and researchers may help to ‘bring the Body back’ into AI-voice technologies.
@inproceedings{cotton_singing_2024, language = {en}, author = {Cotton, Kelsey and de Vries, Katja and Tatar, Kıvanç}, month = may, title = {Singing for the Missing: Bringing the Body Back to AI Voice and Speech Technologies}, year = {2024}, isbn = {9798400709944}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, doi = {10.1145/3658852.3659065}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Movement and Computing}, articleno = {2}, numpages = {12}, keywords = {AI, STS, artificial intelligence, body, musical AI, voice}, location = {Utrecht, Netherlands}, series = {MOCO '24} }
A Shift in Artistic Practices through Artificial Intelligence

Kıvanç Tatar , Petter Ericson , Kelsey Cotton , and 6 more authors

Leonardo, Apr 2024

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The explosion of content generated by artificial intelligence (AI) models has initiated a cultural shift in arts, music, and media, whereby roles are changing, values are shifting, and conventions are challenged. The vast, readily available dataset of the Internet has created an environment for AI models to be trained on any content on the Web. With AI models shared openly and used by many globally, how does this new paradigm shift challenge the status quo in artistic practices? What kind of changes will AI technology bring to music, arts, and new media?
@article{tatar_shift_2024, title = {A Shift in Artistic Practices through Artificial Intelligence}, issn = {0024-094X}, doi = {10.1162/leon_a_02523}, urldate = {2024-04-09}, journal = {Leonardo}, author = {Tatar, Kıvanç and Ericson, Petter and Cotton, Kelsey and Del Prado, Paola Torres Núñez and Batlle-Roca, Roser and Cabrero-Daniel, Beatriz and Ljungblad, Sara and Diapoulis, Georgios and Hussain, Jabbar}, month = apr, year = {2024}, pages = {293--297}, }
Automated Dewey Decimal Classification of Swedish library metadata using Annif software

Koraljka Golub , Osma Suominen , Ahmed Taiye Mohammed , and 2 more authors

Journal of Documentation, Apr 2024

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PurposeIn order to estimate the value of semi-automated subject indexing in operative library catalogues, the study aimed to investigate five different automated implementations of an open source software package on a large set of Swedish union catalogue metadata records, with Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) as the target classification system. It also aimed to contribute to the body of research on aboutness and related challenges in automated subject indexing and evaluation.Design/methodology/approachOn a sample of over 230,000 records with close to 12,000 distinct DDC classes, an open source tool Annif, developed by the National Library of Finland, was applied in the following implementations: lexical algorithm, support vector classifier, fastText, Omikuji Bonsai and an ensemble approach combing the former four. A qualitative study involving two senior catalogue librarians and three students of library and information studies was also conducted to investigate the value and inter-rater agreement of automatically assigned classes, on a sample of 60 records.FindingsThe best results were achieved using the ensemble approach that achieved 66.82% accuracy on the three-digit DDC classification task. The qualitative study confirmed earlier studies reporting low inter-rater agreement but also pointed to the potential value of automatically assigned classes as additional access points in information retrieval.Originality/valueThe paper presents an extensive study of automated classification in an operative library catalogue, accompanied by a qualitative study of automated classes. It demonstrates the value of applying semi-automated indexing in operative information retrieval systems.
@article{Golub1851246, author = {Golub, Koraljka and Suominen, Osma and Mohammed, Ahmed Taiye and Aagaard, Harriet and Osterman, Olof}, institution = {Natl Lib Sweden, Sweden}, journal = {Journal of Documentation}, number = {5}, pages = {1057--1079}, title = {Automated Dewey Decimal Classification of Swedish library metadata using Annif software}, volume = {80}, doi = {10.1108/JD-01-2022-0026}, keywords = {Automated subject indexing, Automatic classification, DDC, Annif, Libris, Supervised machine learning, Lexical algorithm, Ensemble approach, Qualitative evaluation}, year = {2024}, }
Library Catalog’s Search Interface : Making the Most of Subject Metadata

Claudio Gnoli , Koraljka Golub , David Haynes , and 3 more authors

Knowledge organization, Apr 2024

Erratum available at: https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2024-4-286

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This article addresses the underutilization of knowledge organization systems (KOS) elements in online library catalogs, hindering effective subject-based search and discovery. It highlights the International Society for Knowledge Organization’s initiative to develop metadata guidelines for library catalog procurement, focusing on maximizing the value of subject metadata from classification systems and controlled vocabularies. The paper discusses the rationale for quality subject access, proposes desirable search functionalities based on research, explores implementation challenges, and outlines future developments. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of providing quality subject access in digital services and calls for further research on interface design, guideline adoption, KOS evolution, and the impact of language models on subject metadata use. The work underscores the need for applying controlled vocabularies in search interfaces across libraries, archives, and museums while acknowledging the complementary role of alternative approaches like social tagging and automatic indexing. Extensive future research is suggested to implement search functionalities, promote guidelines adoption, enhance KOS evolution, and assess the influence of language models on subject metadata utilization.
@article{Gnoli1858251, author = {Gnoli, Claudio and Golub, Koraljka and Haynes, David and Salaba, Athena and Shiri, Ali and Slavic, Aida}, institution = {UDC Consortium, Netherlands;University of Zagreb, Croatia}, journal = {Knowledge organization}, note = {Erratum available at: https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2024-4-286}, number = {3}, pages = {169--186}, title = {Library Catalog’s Search Interface : Making the Most of Subject Metadata}, volume = {51}, doi = {10.5771/0943-7444-2024-3-169}, year = {2024}, }

2023

Afterword : future directions for surveillance in practice and research

Stefan Gelfgren , Coppélie Cocq , Jesper Enbom , and 1 more author

In Everyday life in the culture of surveillance : , Apr 2023

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The contributions in this book shed light on the complexity of surveillance in a digital age and problematise power relations between the many actors involved in the development and performance of surveillance culture. More and more actors and practices play an increasing role in our contemporary digitalised society, and the chapters show how people negotiate surveillance in their use of digital media, often knowingly leaving digital footprints, and sometimes trying to avoid surveillance. The digital transformation will continue in the foreseeable future. The coordination and analysis of data is viewed by many government agencies, corporations, and other actors as important tools for improving public administration, health, and economic growth. For this development to be legitimate, it is important that hard values, such as technical and legal developments, and soft values, such as ethical and cultural values, are taken into consideration.
@incollection{Gelfgren1748863, author = {Gelfgren, Stefan and Cocq, Coppélie and Enbom, Jesper and Samuelsson, Lars}, booktitle = {Everyday life in the culture of surveillance : }, institution = {Umeå University, Department of culture and media studies}, pages = {205--211}, title = {Afterword : future directions for surveillance in practice and research}, doi = {10.48335/9789188855732-a}, keywords = {surveillance culture, digital transformation, counter-practices, data regulation, cybersecurity}, isbn = {978-91-88855-73-2}, year = {2023}, }

Beyond the binary : queering AI for an inclusive future

Evelina Liliequist , Andrea Aler Tubella , Karin Danielsson , and 1 more author

interactions, Apr 2023

Bib

@article{Liliequist1755693,
  author = {Liliequist, Evelina and Aler Tubella, Andrea and Danielsson, Karin and Cocq, Coppélie},
  institution = {TechnAct, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden},
  journal = {interactions},
  number = {3},
  pages = {31--33},
  title = {Beyond the binary : queering AI for an inclusive future},
  volume = {30},
  doi = {10.1145/3590141},
  keywords = {AI; queer perspectives},
  year = {2023},
}

Introduction : the complex web of everyday surveillance

Stefan Gelfgren , Coppélie Cocq , Lars Samuelsson , and 1 more author

In Everyday life in the culture of surveillance : , Apr 2023

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The possibilities to surveil people have increased and been further refined with the implementation of digital communication over the last couple of decades, and with the ongoing process of digital transformation, surveillance can now go in any direction, leaving a label such as “surveillance state” somewhat outdated. Corporations and governmental organisations may surveil people, people may surveil each other, and surveillance may take place in subtle ways that are difficult for the surveilled to detect. In David Lyon’s terms, we are living in a “culture of surveillance”, a culture that surrounds and affects our everyday life. Today, it is of utmost relevance to study people’s attitudes, motives, and behaviours in relation to the fact that we live in a culture of surveillance. This includes the need for cultural and ethical perspectives to understand and nuanced contemporary discussions on surveillance, not least in the highly digitalised context of the Nordic countries. The chapters in this anthology address these issues from a variety of disciplinary and theoretical frameworks.
@incollection{Gelfgren1748859, author = {Gelfgren, Stefan and Cocq, Coppélie and Samuelsson, Lars and Enbom, Jesper}, booktitle = {Everyday life in the culture of surveillance : }, institution = {Umeå University, Department of culture and media studies}, pages = {9--20}, title = {Introduction : the complex web of everyday surveillance}, doi = {10.48335/9789188855732-i}, keywords = {surveillance, surveillance culture, digitalisation, data-driven, digital transformation}, isbn = {978-91-88855-73-2}, year = {2023}, }
Open science in s\’a;mi research : researchers’ dilemmas

Coppélie Cocq

Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, Apr 2023

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This article discusses the challenges of Indigenous research in relation to open science, more particularly in relation to Sámi research in Sweden. Based on interviews with active scholars in the multidisciplinary field of Sámi studies, and on policy documents by Sámi organizations, this article points at the challenges that can be identified, and the practices and strategies adopted or suggested by researchers. Topics addressed include ownership, control, sensitivity and accessibility of data, the consequences of experienced limitations, the role of the historical context, and community-groundedness. This article has the ambition to contribute with a discussion about the tensions between standards of data management/open science and data sovereignty in Indigenous contexts. This is done by bringing in perspectives from Indigenous methodologies (the 4 R) and by contextualizing research practices and forms of data colonialism in relation to our contemporary context of surveillance culture. Research—in relation to ethics and social sustainability—is an arena where tensions between various agendas becomes obvious. This is illustrated in this article by researchers’ dilemmas when working with open science and the advancement of Indigenous research. Efforts toward ethically valid and cultural-sensitive modes of data use are taking shape in Indigenous research, calling for an increased awareness about the topic. In the context of Sámi research, the role of academia in such a transformation is also essential.
@article{Cocq1819291, author = {Cocq, Coppélie}, institution = {Umeå University, Humlab}, journal = {Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics}, eid = {1095169}, title = {Open science in s{\’a;}mi research : researchers' dilemmas}, volume = {8}, doi = {10.3389/frma.2023.1095169}, keywords = {data management, ethics, indigenous research, open science, Sámi research}, year = {2023}, }

Preface

Lars Samuelsson , Coppélie Cocq , Stefan Gelfgren , and 1 more author

In Everyday life in the culture of surveillance : , Apr 2023

Bib PDF

@incollection{Samuelsson1748862,
  author = {Samuelsson, Lars and Cocq, Coppélie and Gelfgren, Stefan and Enbom, Jesper},
  booktitle = {Everyday life in the culture of surveillance : },
  institution = {Umeå University, Department of culture and media studies},
  pages = {6--8},
  title = {Preface},
  doi = {10.48335/9789188855732-p},
  isbn = {978-91-88855-73-2},
  year = {2023},
}

Queer eye on AI : binary systems versus fluid identities

Karin Danielsson , Andrea Aler Tubella , Evelina Liliequist , and 1 more author

In Handbook of critical studies of artificial intelligence : , Apr 2023

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It is becoming more common to replace or augment human-based decisions with algorithmic calculations and evaluations using artificial intelligence (AI). Facial analysis systems (FA) are examples of how AI in particular is intertwined with both the most mundane and the most critical aspects of human life. Exploring images for the purposes of face detection, recognition and/or classification, FA shows an entanglement between human identity, self-presentation and computation. In this chapter, we discuss automated facial analysis technology from a queer theoretical standpoint, focusing on the concerns and risks when systems like FA are used in a binary way to categorize, measure and make decisions based on computerized assumptions about gender and sexuality. Further, we discuss issues of privacy, bias and fairness related to FA technology as well as potential improvements, for example, by using participatory design. Finally, this chapter suggests that a queer perspective on FA can create new ways to relate to technology.
@incollection{Danielsson1816223, author = {Danielsson, Karin and Aler Tubella, Andrea and Liliequist, Evelina and Cocq, Coppélie}, booktitle = {Handbook of critical studies of artificial intelligence : }, institution = {Umeå University, Centre for Regional Science (CERUM)}, pages = {595--606}, title = {Queer eye on AI : binary systems versus fluid identities}, doi = {10.4337/9781803928562.00061}, keywords = {Chritical theory, Artificial intelligence, Queer theory, Participatory design, Kritisk teori, Artificiell intelligens, Queer teori, Deltagande design}, isbn = {9781803928562}, year = {2023}, }

Towards new forms of engagement : celebrating 100 years of Finnish ethnology

Coppélie Cocq

Ethnologia Fennica, Apr 2023

Bib

@article{Cocq1768659,
  author = {Cocq, Coppélie},
  institution = {Umeå University, Humlab},
  journal = {Ethnologia Fennica},
  number = {1},
  pages = {102--107},
  title = {Towards new forms of engagement : celebrating 100 years of Finnish ethnology},
  volume = {50},
  doi = {10.23991/ef.v50i1.129311},
  keywords = {ethnology, folkloristics, activism, engagement, societal relevance, history of the discipline},
  year = {2023},
}

A digital periegesis : implementing spatial research infrastructures for classical history and archaeology

Anna Foka , Elton Barker , Kyriaki Konstantinidou , and 5 more authors

In Digital spatial infrastructures and worldviews in pre-modern societies : , Apr 2023

Bib

@incollection{Foka1707152,
  author = {Foka, Anna and Barker, Elton and Konstantinidou, Kyriaki and Mostofian, Nasrin and Kiesling, J. Brady and Talatas, Linda and Demiroglu, O. Cenk and Palm, Kajsa},
  booktitle = {Digital spatial infrastructures and worldviews in pre-modern societies : },
  institution = {Umeå University, Humlab},
  pages = {205--224},
  publisher = {Arc Humanities Press},
  title = {A digital periegesis : implementing spatial research infrastructures for classical history and archaeology},
  series = {Collection Development, Cultural Heritage, and Digital Humanities},
  doi = {10.2307/jj.2430371.13},
  isbn = {9781802700794},
  year = {2023},
}

Critically assessing AI/ML for cultural heritage : potentials and challenges

Anna Foka , Lina Eklund , Anders Sundnes Løvlie , and 1 more author

In Handbook of Critical Studies of Artificial Intelligence : , Apr 2023

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This chapter provides a critical examination of the promise of AI technology with a focus on museums and cultural heritage organisations. We argue that while AI shows great potential for digitalisation, collections management and curation, its implementation is a complex endeavour. First, we discuss artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies with great potential such as computer vision and natural language processing, as well as the implementation of AI for heritage encounters. We then identify a number of challenges in implementing these technologies—namely using technology to address the diversity of human memory and culture that is inherent in cultural heritage collections, but also issues of accessibility and technical know-how. Finally, we envision the future potential of AI for the digitalisation of heritage.
@incollection{Foka1825412, author = {Foka, Anna and Eklund, Lina and Sundnes L{\o}vlie, Anders and Griffin, Gabriele}, booktitle = {Handbook of Critical Studies of Artificial Intelligence : }, institution = {IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark}, pages = {815--825}, title = {Critically assessing AI/ML for cultural heritage : potentials and challenges}, series = {Sociology, Social Policy and Education 2023}, doi = {10.4337/9781803928562.00082}, keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Heritage, Curation, Diversity, Memory and culture}, isbn = {9781803928562}, year = {2023}, }
Caring Trouble and Musical AI: Considerations towards a Feminist Musical AI

Kelsey Cotton , and Kıvanç Tatar

In AIMC 2023 , Aug 2023

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The ethics of AI as both material and medium for interaction remains in murky waters within the context of musical and artistic practice. The interdisciplinarity of the field is revealing matters of concern and care, which necessitate interdisciplinary methodologies for evaluation to trouble and critique the inheritance of ‘residue-laden’ AI-tools in musical applications. Seeking to unsettle these murky waters, this paper critically examines the example of Holly+, a deep neural network that generates raw audio in the likeness of its creator Holly Herndon. Drawing from theoretical concerns and considerations from speculative feminism and care ethics, we care-fully trouble the structures, frameworks and assumptions that oscillate within and around Holly+. We contribute with several considerations and contemplate future directions for integrating speculative feminism and care into musical-AI agent and system design, derived from our critical feminist examination.
@inproceedings{cotton_caring_2023, title = {Caring Trouble and Musical AI: Considerations towards a Feminist Musical AI}, shorttitle = {Caring {Trouble} and {Musical} {AI}}, language = {en}, urldate = {2024-02-22}, booktitle = {AIMC 2023}, author = {Cotton, Kelsey and Tatar, Kıvanç}, month = aug, year = {2023}, }
Sound Design Strategies for Latent Audio Space Explorations Using Deep Learning Architectures

Kıvanç Tatar , Kelsey Cotton , and Daniel Bisig

In , Aug 2023

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The research in Deep Learning applications in sound and music computing have gathered an interest in the recent years; however, there is still a missing link between these new technologies and on how they can be incorporated into real-world artistic practices. In this work, we explore a well-known Deep Learning architecture called Variational Autoencoders (VAEs). These architectures have been used in many areas for generating latent spaces where data points are organized so that similar data points locate closer to each other. Previously, VAEs have been used for generating latent timbre spaces or latent spaces of symbolic music excepts. Applying VAE to audio features of timbre requires a vocoder to transform the timbre generated by the network to an audio signal, which is computationally expensive. In this work, we apply VAEs to raw audio data directly while bypassing audio feature extraction. This approach allows the practitioners to use any audio recording while giving flexibility and control over the aesthetics through dataset curation. The lower computation time in audio signal generation allows the raw audio approach to be incorporated into real-time applications. In this work, we propose three strategies to explore latent spaces of audio and timbre for sound design applications. By doing so, our aim is to initiate a conversation on artistic approaches and strategies to utilize latent audio spaces in sound and music practices.
@inproceedings{tatar_sound_2023, title = {Sound {Design} {Strategies} for {Latent} {Audio} {Space} {Explorations} {Using} {Deep} {Learning} {Architectures}}, language = {en}, author = {Tatar, Kıvanç and Cotton, Kelsey and Bisig, Daniel}, year = {2023}, }
Searching for Swedish LGBTQI fiction : the librarians’ perspective

Koraljka Golub , Jenny Bergenmar , and Siska Humlesjö

Journal of Documentation, Aug 2023

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Purpose: This article aims to help ensure high-quality subject access to Swedish lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersexual (LGBTQI) fiction, and aims to identify challenges that librarians consider important to address, on behalf of themselves and end users. Design/methodology/approach: A web-based questionnaire comprising 35 closed and open questions, 22 of which were required, was sent via online channels in January 2022. By the survey closing date, 20 March 2022, 82 responses had been received. The study was intended to complement an earlier study targeting end users. Findings: Both this study of librarians and the previous study of end users have painted a dismal image of online search services when it comes to searching for LGBTQI fiction. The need to consult different channels (e.g. social media, library catalogues and friends), the inability to search more specifically than for the broad LGBTQI category and suboptimal search interfaces were among the commonly reported issues. The results of these studies are used to inform the development of a dedicated Swedish LGBTQI fiction database with an online search interface. Originality/value: The subject searching of fiction via online services is usually limited to genre with facets for time and place, while users are often seeking characteristics such as pacing, characterization, storyline, frame/setting, tone and language/style. LGBTQI fiction is even more challenging to search because indexing practices are not really being standardized or disseminated worldwide. This study helps address this important gap, in both research and practical applications.
@article{Golub1798917, author = {Golub, Koraljka and Bergenmar, Jenny and Humlesj{\"o}, Siska}, institution = {University of Gothenburg, Sweden}, journal = {Journal of Documentation}, number = {7}, pages = {261--279}, title = {Searching for Swedish LGBTQI fiction : the librarians’ perspective}, volume = {79}, doi = {10.1108/JD-05-2023-0080}, year = {2023}, }

2022

Digitala fältarbeten

Coppélie Cocq , and Evelina Liliequist

In Etnologiskt fältarbete : nya fält och former , Aug 2022

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Hur kan språkaktivism studeras genom hashtags på Twitter? Vad har sociala medier för betydelse för hbtq-personers identitetsarbete? Hur kan bloggar fungera som plattformar för politisk förändring och mobilisering? I det här kapitlet ger vi en introduktion till etnografiska angreppssätt och metoder för att studera digitala praktiker, fenomen, nätkulturer och sociala gemenskaper som sker i, genom eller i relation till digitala sammanhang.
@incollection{Cocq1660908, author = {Cocq, Coppélie and Liliequist, Evelina}, booktitle = {Etnologiskt fältarbete : nya fält och former}, institution = {Umeå University, Humlab}, pages = {193--212}, title = {Digitala f{\"a}ltarbeten}, isbn = {9789144153261}, year = {2022}, }
Multilingualism in the North: From Baklava to Tre Kronor

Coppélie Cocq , Lena Granstedt , Eva Lindgren , and 1 more author

Languages, Aug 2022

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This article explores processes of place-making through the study of the linguistic landscape of a small-size town in Northern Sweden. The analysis of signs is used as a tool for examining the role and visibility of actors in the landscape. For this purpose, we examine who the authors are, what forms of multilingualism can be observed, and who has agency in the place-making of the public space. Our documentation consists of photos and fieldnotes from observations, encounters, and conversations with people during ethnographic fieldwork in 2019. Using a mixed-methods approach, all signs were first analysed quantitatively according to the categories of authors and function. Regression analysis was used to explore correlations between the categories. Secondly, multilingual signs were analysed qualitatively regarding their function and purpose in relation to their contexts. Our results illustrate a city centre with a strong presence of the Swedish language. Multilingual signs target specific groups and are intended for information, advertisement, rules and regulations; moreover, our findings indicate that the opportunities for private actors to influence the linguistic landscape are limited. The form of multilingualism in this context—visible multilingualism present mainly through English—is different from the one we can see in the socio-demographic data.
@article{Cocq1659601, author = {Cocq, Coppélie and Granstedt, Lena and Lindgren, Eva and Lindgren, Urban}, institution = {Umeå University, Department of Geography}, journal = {Languages}, number = {2}, eid = {124}, title = {Multilingualism in the North: From Baklava to Tre Kronor}, volume = {7}, doi = {10.3390/languages7020124}, year = {2022}, }
Protecting the Researcher in Digital Contexts

Coppélie Cocq , Evelina Liliequist , and Lacey Okonski

In Proceedings of the 6th Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries Conference (DHNB 2022) : , Aug 2022

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In recent years, a growing need for protecting researchers has become necessary as online risks such as death threats and “doxing” are more frequent risks in relation to an increased digital landscape of anti-gender, far right extremists, and anti-science movements. This paper suggests resources and strategies for preventing threats and protecting researchers. By improving safety and support, entities such as universities, departments, and research groups can avoid the negative impact of online harassment on researchers’ reputation and health, on academic research and for democracy.
@inproceedings{Cocq1701729, author = {Cocq, Coppélie and Liliequist, Evelina and Okonski, Lacey}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries Conference (DHNB 2022) : }, institution = {Umeå University, Department of language studies}, pages = {195--202}, title = {Protecting the Researcher in Digital Contexts}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, number = {3232}, keywords = {risky research, online abuse, research ethics}, year = {2022}, }
Revisiting the digital humanities through the lens of Indigenous studies—or how to question the cultural blindness of our technologies and practices

Coppélie Cocq

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Aug 2022

Special issue: Special issue on digital humanities (DH)

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This article examines the benefits of putting Indigenous perspectives and the digital humanities (DH) in conversation with each other in order to elaborate a DH approach that is suitable for Indigenous research and to suggest critical perspectives for a more sustainable DH. For this purpose, the article examines practices of data harvesting, categorizing, and sharing from the perspectives of groups in the margin, more specifically in relation to Sámi research. Previous research has emphasized the role of cultural and social contexts in the design, use, and adaptation of technologies in general, and digital technologies in particular (Douglas, 1987. Inventing American broadcasting; Nissenbaum, 2001. Computer, 34, 118–120; Powell & Aitken, 2011. The American literature scholar in the digital age) and several scholars have argued for how the application of critical studies make a fruitful contribution to the DH (Liu, 2012. Debates in the digital humanities; McPherson, 2012. Debates in the digital humanities). This article suggests an approach that addresses a need to acknowledge the diversity of technoscientific traditions. The perspectives of Indigenous groups bring this matter to a head. In order to make the DH more sustainable and inclusive, the development of the DH should be driven by cultural studies to a greater extent than it has been so far. A sustainable DH also means a better rendering of the plurality of the cultural values, perspectives, and ethics that characterize our fieldwork and research subjects.
@article{Cocq1587439, author = {Cocq, Coppélie}, institution = {Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland}, journal = {Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology}, note = {Special issue: Special issue on digital humanities (DH)}, number = {2}, pages = {333--344}, title = {Revisiting the digital humanities through the lens of Indigenous studies—or how to question the cultural blindness of our technologies and practices}, volume = {73}, doi = {10.1002/asi.24564}, year = {2022}, }
Social media and disability advocacy organizations : caught between hopes and realities

Stefan Gelfgren , Jens Ineland , and Coppélie Cocq

Disability & Society, Aug 2022

First published online: 08 Jan 2021

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This article examines the role of advocacy organizations and their use of social media within the field of disability in Sweden. How do the organizations negotiate digital media, and what are the (intentional or unintentional) consequences related to the use of social media? With focus on the representatives of advocacy organizations, we study how they reflect and act in order to balance various motives, and what challenges and ambiguities that arise. On one hand, there is a perceived need to be online and communicate with members and the surrounding society. On the other hand, digital communication induces a divide between those who have the resources to take part in such communication, and those who do not – in terms of digital competence, economy, age, cognitive abilities, technical equipment and digital connection. The heterogeneity of resources and target groups inevitably challenges both the ideals of inclusion and intentions of advocacy organizations.
@article{Gelfgren1517742, author = {Gelfgren, Stefan and Ineland, Jens and Cocq, Coppélie}, institution = {Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland}, journal = {Disability & Society}, note = {First published online: 08 Jan 2021}, number = {7}, pages = {1085--1106}, title = {Social media and disability advocacy organizations : caught between hopes and realities}, volume = {37}, doi = {10.1080/09687599.2020.1867069}, keywords = {social movement, mediatization, power negotiation, advocacy, digital divide}, year = {2022}, }
"We haven’t come so far yet" : digital media, S\’a;mi research and dissemination practices

Coppélie Cocq

In Sámi research in transition : knowledge, politics and social change , Aug 2022

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This chapter examines the political and social dimensions of Sámi research in relation to two different processes: the development of Indigenous studies as a discipline, and the digitization of academic communication. The increasing prominence of Indigenous studies is changing the ways in which researchers are expected to describe, include and establish dialogue with Indigenous communities in research. Simultaneously, researchers are facing growing demand to establish strong online presence, as for instance employers and funding agencies are encouraging them to disseminate their research findings and knowledge through different media channels, social media accounts and so on. By exploring how individual researchers negotiate such expectations in their own work, this chapter asks how these two influences impact upon the field of Sámi research. One major issue identified is the discrepancy in temporalities between media communication and research, as well as between funding agencies and research in practice. This study also gives us indications about the role that social media might play in communication of research beyond an academic audience and readership. A web presence and the use of social media for communication can have an impact and be successful, but strategies and professional support for implementing those are often lacking or underdeveloped, resulting in an often inefficient and potentially time-consuming form of media use with limited benefits for Sámi communities and the researchers themselves.
@incollection{Cocq1639250, author = {Cocq, Coppélie}, booktitle = {Sámi research in transition : knowledge, politics and social change}, institution = {University of Helsinki, Finland}, pages = {149--168}, title = {"We haven't come so far yet" : digital media, S{\’a;}mi research and dissemination practices}, doi = {10.4324/9781003090830-9}, keywords = {Sámi Studies, Indigenous Research, Research Communication}, isbn = {9781003090830}, year = {2022}, }
Women’s Metadata, Semantic Web, Ontologies and AI : Potentials in Critically Enriching Carl Sahlin’s Industrial History Collection

Anna Foka , Jenny Attemark , and Fredrik Wahlberg

In Emerging Technologies, Museums : Mediating Difficult Heritage , Aug 2022

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This chapter moves beyond claims of digital technology as a means for democratisation of knowledge and focus on archival online repositories of women’s history, concentrating on a Swedish case study: the collection of industry leader Carl Sahlin (1861–1943) at the Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology. The chapter contributes a detailed methodology for collection enrichment, including the possibilities and pitfalls of using emerging technologies, specifically AI, for classification and enrichment so as to open up new critical questions about historical women.
@incollection{Foka1643134, author = {Foka, Anna and Attemark, Jenny and Wahlberg, Fredrik}, booktitle = {Emerging Technologies, Museums : Mediating Difficult Heritage}, institution = {Tekniska Museet }, pages = {65--88}, title = {Women’s Metadata, Semantic Web, Ontologies and AI : Potentials in Critically Enriching Carl Sahlin’s Industrial History Collection}, doi = {10.3167/978180073374900}, keywords = {Digital Cultural Heritage; Artificial Intelligence; Data and Information Science; Museum and Heritage Studies; Digital Humanities}, isbn = {978-1-80073-375-6}, year = {2022}, }
Heritage metadata : a digital periegesis

Anna Foka , Kyriaki Konstantinidou , Naarin Mostofian , and 7 more authors

In Information and knowledge organisation in digital humanities : global perspectives , Aug 2022

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Over the past decades the extraordinary growth of new technologies has made it possible to extract data from literary texts and analyse them using digital tools. This chapter focuses on the process of creating an enriched digital edition of Pausanias’s Periegesis Hellados or Description of Greece. The purpose of this research is twofold: to identify ’heritage data’ in Pausanias and to describe the technical and epistemological parameters of their aggregation and organisation. In answering the essentially digital humanities research question "how Pausanias’s literary heritage information can be best organised and connected to the archaeological record on the ground", the Digital Periegesis project is charting and analysing the relevant digital tools and methods by which extensive semantic annotation and Linked Open Data (LOD) can facilitate the organisation of heritage information in Pausanias’s text and its connection to actual archaeological finds. This chapter discusses the potential application of Geographic Information Science (GISc) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for such complex pre-cartesian narrative analysis. Finally, it emphasises the importance of building geo-spatially enriched digital editions collaboratively, involving discipline specialist researchers and information organisation experts, with the aim of interpreting histories of "place".
@incollection{Foka1616813, author = {Foka, Anna and Konstantinidou, Kyriaki and Mostofian, Naarin and Talatas, Linda and Kiesling, J. Brady and Barker, Elton and Demiroglu, O. Cenk and Palm, Kajsa and McMeekin, David A. and Vekselius, Johan}, booktitle = {Information and knowledge organisation in digital humanities : global perspectives}, institution = {Department of Archives, Library and Information Science and Museum and Heritage Studies, Sweden; Centre for Digital Humanities, Uppsala University, Sweden}, pages = {227--242}, title = {Heritage metadata : a digital periegesis}, series = {Digital Research in the Arts and Humanities}, doi = {10.4324/9781003131816-11}, isbn = {9781003131816}, year = {2022}, }
Digital spetskompetens 2035 : Framtidsanalys för kompetensförsörjningen av digital spetskompetens

Fredrik Heintz , Jan Gulliksen , Amy Loufti , and 1 more author

Aug 2022

This is a governement report on digital expertise in higher education

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Tillväxtverket och Universitetskanslersämbetet har fått i uppdrag från regeringen att tillsammans analysera och föreslå hur kompetensförsörjningen av digital spetskompetens ska kunna utvecklas både kort- och långsiktigt. Baserat på de tidigare rapporter som tagits fram inom uppdraget har vi fått i uppdrag att utveckla framtidsscenarier om hur tillgången till digital spetskompetens skulle kunna se ut samt komma med slutsatser och rekommendationer för framtida utvecklingen. Vårt tillvägagångssätt har varit att genomföra följande olika insatser: en SWOT-analys över nuläget, för att ha en startpunkt samt identifiera flaskhalsar och hinder för att realisera visionerna för digital spetskompetens, en trendanalys, som analyserar vilka stora trender med relevans för digital spetskompetens vi ser nu och inom de närmsta 10–15 åren baserat på vår egen omfattande forskning på området, en analys över viktiga policy-beslut som tagits och som skulle kunna tas, vilket visar på möjliga vägar framåt, inkluderande de tidigare rapporterna som genomförts i projektet och de internationella utblickar som gjorts inom uppdraget kring digital spetskompetens redan och analysera vilka förslag som skulle kunna vara genomförbara i en svensk kontext, samt ta i beaktande den input som vi fått från vår externa expertgrupp. Baserat på detta har vi låtit ta fram åtta framtidsscenarier på hur den framtida tillgången på digital spetskompetens kan se ut beroende på vilka policybeslut som tas samt hur trenderna utvecklar sig.
@techreport{Heintz1694572, author = {Heintz, Fredrik and Gulliksen, Jan and Loufti, Amy and Foka, Anna}, institution = {Uppsala University, Department of ALM}, note = {This is a governement report on digital expertise in higher education }, pages = {55}, title = {Digital spetskompetens 2035 : Framtidsanalys för kompetensförsörjningen av digital spetskompetens}, series = {Rapport 0412}, number = {2022:2}, keywords = {digital spetskompetens, transformativa teknologier, AI}, isbn = {978-91-89255-99-9}, year = {2022}, }
Organizing subject access to cultural heritage in Swedish online museums

Koraljka Golub , Pawel Michal Ziolkowski , and Goran Zlodi

Journal of Documentation, Aug 2022

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Purpose: The study aims to paint a representative picture of the current state of search interfaces of Swedish online museum collections, focussing on search functionalities with particular reference to subject searching, as well as the use of controlled vocabularies, with the purpose of identifying which improvements of the search interfaces are needed to ensure high-quality information retrieval for the end user. Design/methodology/approach: In the first step, a set of 21 search interface criteria was identified, based on related research and current standards in the domain of cultural heritage knowledge organization. Secondly, a complete set of Swedish museums that provide online access to their collections was identified, comprising nine cross-search services and 91 individual museums’ websites. These 100 websites were each evaluated against the 21 criteria, between 1 July and 31 August 2020. Findings: Although many standards and guidelines are in place to ensure quality-controlled subject indexing, which in turn support information retrieval of relevant resources (as individual or full search results), the study shows that they are not broadly implemented, resulting in information retrieval failures for the end user. The study also demonstrates a strong need for the implementation of controlled vocabularies in these museums. Originality/value: This study is a rare piece of research which examines subject searching in online museums; the 21 search criteria and their use in the analysis of the complete set of online collections of a country represents a considerable and unique contribution to the fields of knowledge organization and information retrieval of cultural heritage. Its particular value lies in showing how the needs of end users, many of which are documented and reflected in international standards and guidelines, should be taken into account in designing search tools for these museums; especially so in subject searching, which is the most complex and yet the most common type of search. Much effort has been invested into digitizing cultural heritage collections, but access to them is hindered by poor search functionality. This study identifies which are the most important aspects to improve.
@article{Golub1614980, author = {Golub, Koraljka and Ziolkowski, Pawel Michal and Zlodi, Goran}, institution = {University of Zagreb, Croatia}, journal = {Journal of Documentation}, number = {7}, pages = {211--247}, title = {Organizing subject access to cultural heritage in Swedish online museums}, volume = {78}, doi = {10.1108/jd-05-2021-0094}, keywords = {Library and Information Sciences, Information Systems}, year = {2022}, }
Searching for Swedish LGBTQI fiction : challenges and solutions

Koraljka Golub , Jenny Bergenmar , and Siska Humlesjö

Journal of Documentation, Aug 2022

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the needs of potential end-users of a database dedicated to Swedish lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI) literature (e.g. prose, poetry, drama, graphic novels/comics, and illustrated books), in order to inform the development of a database, search interface functionalities, and an LGBTQI thesaurus for fiction. Design/methodology/approach: A web questionnaire was distributed in autumn 2021 to potential end-users. The questions covered people’s reasons for reading LGBTQI fiction, ways of finding LGBTQI fiction, experience of searching for LGBTQI fiction, usual search elements applied, latest search for LGBTQI fiction, desired subjects to search for, and ideal search functionalities. Findings: The 101 completed questionnaires showed that most respondents found relevant literature through social media or friends and that most obtained copies of literature from a library. Regarding desirable search functionalities, most respondents would like to see suggestions for related terms to support broader search results (i.e. higher recall). Many also wanted search support that would enable retrieving more specific results based on narrower terms when too many results are retrieved (i.e. higher precision). Over half would also appreciate the option to browse by hierarchically arranged subjects. Originality/value: This study is the first to show how readers of LGBTQI fiction in Sweden search for and obtain relevant literature. The authors have identified end-user needs that can inform the development of a new database and a thesaurus dedicated to LGBTQI fiction.
@article{Golub1700751, author = {Golub, Koraljka and Bergenmar, Jenny and Humlesj{\"o}, Siska}, institution = {University of Gothenburg, Sweden}, journal = {Journal of Documentation}, number = {7}, pages = {464--484}, title = {Searching for Swedish LGBTQI fiction : challenges and solutions}, volume = {78}, doi = {10.1108/JD-06-2022-0138}, keywords = {Information retrieval thesaurus, LGBTQI fiction, Search interfaces, Subject indexing, Subject searching, User survey}, year = {2022}, }

2021

De samiska språken och digitala rum : 25 år av innovation, skapande och deltagande

Coppélie Cocq

Laboratorium för folk och kultur, Aug 2021

Publicerad 2021-12-22

Bib PDF

@article{Cocq1708602,
  author = {Cocq, Coppélie},
  institution = {Umeå University, Humlab},
  journal = {Laboratorium för folk och kultur},
  note = {Publicerad 2021-12-22},
  publisher = {Föreningen Brages sektion för folklivsforskning},
  title = {De samiska spr{\aa}ken och digitala rum : 25 {\aa}r av innovation, skapande och deltagande},
  year = {2021},
}

Digital etnografi

Coppélie Cocq , and Evelina Liliequist

In Digitala metoder inom humaniora och samhällsvetenskap : , Aug 2021

Bib

@incollection{Cocq1547687,
  author = {Cocq, Coppélie and Liliequist, Evelina},
  booktitle = {Digitala metoder inom humaniora och samhällsvetenskap : },
  institution = {Umeå University, Humlab},
  pages = {27--44},
  title = {Digital etnografi},
  isbn = {978-91-44-14055-1},
  year = {2021},
}

Digital footprints and narrative traceability/Narrative footprints and digital traceability

Coppélie Cocq

Disparidades. Revista de Antropología, Aug 2021

Alternative title: "Huella digital y trazabilidad narrativa/Huella narrativa y trazabilidad digital"

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The stories we tell and are told, the images we see and share, the ways we communicate find new paths and come to expression in new forms of networks, other agoras (to borrow Foley’s terminology) and at a faster pace. Nonetheless, we ought to examine what the novelty of contemporary storytelling consists in when it conquers digital forms and environments. Likewise, the digital brings us new tools and possibilities of access to data – but how much have our disciplines, methods, approaches and concepts actually transformed and changed? And how much have we assessed the capacity of adaptation of our disciplines for embracing the study of what takes place online and in relation to the digital? From this vantage point, this paper gives particular attention to the footprints and the traceability of our doings and our data in order to highlight the flows, continuity and ruptures of what we do and tell. Based on examples from a variety of contexts, I illustrate how our quest for renewal, novelty and innovation is strongly anchored in, subjected to and depends upon our habits, old-fashioned ways and ability to observe the world around us. Further, I argue that in research like in storytelling, the value of vintage equals the value of novelty and originality.
@article{Cocq1545539, author = {Cocq, Coppélie}, institution = {Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland}, journal = {Disparidades. Revista de Antropología}, note = {Alternative title: "Huella digital y trazabilidad narrativa/Huella narrativa y trazabilidad digital"}, number = {1}, eid = {e004}, title = {Digital footprints and narrative traceability/Narrative footprints and digital traceability}, volume = {76}, doi = {10.3989/dra.2021.004}, keywords = {Digital Storytelling, Research Practices, Activism, Research Communication, Internet Cats, Narración digital, Prácticas de investigación, Activismo, Comunicación de investigación, Gatos de Internet}, year = {2021}, }
Digital Maps for Linguistic Diversity

Coppélie Cocq , Lena Granstedt , Eva Lindgren , and 1 more author

In CEUR Workshop Proceedings : , Aug 2021

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Documenting and analyzing how multilingualism materializes around us gives insights in the use, hierarchies and inclusions of languages in society. The visualization of these insights, however, is often challenging as characteris- tics of languages, their flows, movements etc. demand contextualization and clar- ifications that can be difficult to render on a visualization model such as a map. This paper discusses the challenges of visualization and the potentials of digital maps in Linguistic Landscape Studies. We suggest to include and integrate vari- ous layers of qualitative and quantitative data in order to strive for rendering the dynamism of language use.
@inproceedings{Cocq1545537, author = {Cocq, Coppélie and Granstedt, Lena and Lindgren, Eva and Lindgren, Urban}, booktitle = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings : }, institution = {Umeå University, Department of Geography}, pages = {224--229}, title = {Digital Maps for Linguistic Diversity}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, number = {2865}, keywords = {Linguistic Landscapes, Visualization, Multilingualism}, year = {2021}, }
Automated Subject Indexing : An Overview

Koraljka Golub

Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, Aug 2021

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In the face of the ever-increasing document volume, libraries around the globe are more and more exploring (semi-) automated approaches to subject indexing. This helps sustain bibliographic objectives, enrich metadata, and establish more connections across documents from various collections, effectively leading to improved information retrieval and access. However, generally accepted automated approaches that are functional in operative systems are lacking. This article aims to provide an overview of basic principles used for automated subject indexing, major approaches in relation to their possible application in actual library systems, existing working examples, as well as related challenges calling for further research.
@article{Golub1620744, author = {Golub, Koraljka}, institution = {Linnaeus University, Department of Cultural Sciences}, journal = {Cataloging & Classification Quarterly}, number = {8}, pages = {702--719}, title = {Automated Subject Indexing : An Overview}, volume = {59}, doi = {10.1080/01639374.2021.2012311}, year = {2021}, }
Knowledge Organisation for Digital Humanities : An Introduction

Koraljka Golub , Ahmad M. Kamal , and Johan Vekselius

In Information and Knowledge Organisation in Digital Humanities : Global Perspectives , Aug 2021

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The chapter introduces the discipline of knowledge organisation (KO) and its relevance to scholars and practitioners in the field of digital humanities (DH). It sets the stage for the volume’s 12 contributed chapters, which present case studies at the intersection of the two research areas. The contributions develop themes that highlight the specific opportunities and challenges of bringing these fields together. The themes of the chapters reflect the preeminent research topics of KO for DH: metadata in cultural heritage collections, which includes topics like conceptual models; data aggregation and metadata enrichment. Information management of textual collections, lexical resources and research outputs provide another important focus. Interfaces to cultural heritage collections and automated techniques are also addressed. Several chapters are directly driven by humanities research questions: one example is the ResearchSpace project, which demonstrates the ineffectiveness of data-based information organisation for historians. Another is the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and semantic annotation to explore a classical text. Finally, the chapter calls for transdisciplinary research collaborations that will bridge the gap within and at the intersections of KO and DH.
@incollection{Golub1616959, author = {Golub, Koraljka and Kamal, Ahmad M. and Vekselius, Johan}, booktitle = {Information and Knowledge Organisation in Digital Humanities : Global Perspectives}, institution = {Stockholm University, Sweden}, pages = {1--22}, title = {Knowledge Organisation for Digital Humanities : An Introduction}, doi = {10.4324/9781003131816-1}, isbn = {9781003131816}, year = {2021}, }

2020

Digitala avtryck och narrativ spårbarhet : Keynote-föreläsning vid SIEF2019 i Santiago de Compostela, Spanien, den 16 april 2019

Coppélie Cocq

Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv, Aug 2020

Artikeln baseras på keynote-föreläsningen »Digital footprints and narrative traceability/Narrativefootprints and digital traceability» vid The 14th international SIEF congress den 16 april 2019. Föreläsningen finns publicerad på engelska i Disparidades. Revista de Antropología 76: 1 (2021), s. 1–10.

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The stories we tell and are told, the images we see and share, and the ways we communicate find new paths and are expressed in new forms of networks, other agoras (to borrow Foley’sterminology), and at a faster pace. Nonetheless, we ought to examine what the novelty of contemporary storytelling consists in when it conquers digital forms and environments. Likewise, the digital brings us new tools and means of accessing data – but how much have our disciplines, methods, approaches and concepts actually changed? And how much have we assessedthe capacity of our disciplines to adapt to embrace the study of what takes place online and inrelation to the digital? From this vantage point, the present article pays particular attention tothe footprints and the traceability of our doings and our data, in order to highlight the ows,continuity and ruptures of what we do and tell. Based on examples from a variety of contexts, I illustrate how our quest for renewal, novelty and innovation is strongly anchored in, subjectto and dependent upon our habits, old-fashioned ways and ability to observe the world aroundus. Further, I argue that in research, in a similar way to storytelling, vintage is of equal valueto novelty and originality.
@article{Cocq1708597, author = {Cocq, Coppélie}, institution = {Umeå University, Humlab}, journal = {Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv}, note = {Artikeln baseras p{\aa} keynote-f{\"o}rel{\"a}sningen »Digital footprints and narrative traceability/Narrativefootprints and digital traceability» vid The 14th international SIEF congress den 16 april 2019. F{\"o}rel{\"a}sningen finns publicerad p{\aa} engelska i Disparidades. Revista de Antropología 76: 1 (2021), s. 1–10.}, pages = {9--22}, title = {Digitala avtryck och narrativ sp{\aa}rbarhet : Keynote-f{\"o}rel{\"a}sning vid SIEF2019 i Santiago de Compostela, Spanien, den 16 april 2019}, volume = {143}, keywords = {research communication, internet cats, digital storytelling, activism, research practices}, year = {2020}, }
Online Surveillance in a Swedish Context : Between acceptance and resistance

Coppélie Cocq , Stefan Gelfgren , Lars Samuelsson , and 1 more author

Nordicom Review, Aug 2020

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Users of digital media leave traces that corporations and authorities can harvest, systema-tise, and analyse; on the societal level, an overall result is the emergence of a surveillance culture. In this study, we examine how people handle the dilemma of leaving digital footprints: what they say they do to protect their privacy and what could legitimise the collection and storing of their data. Through a survey of almost 1,000 students at Umeå University in Sweden, we find that most respondents know that their data are used and choose to adjust their own behaviour rather than adopting technical solutions. In order to understand contemporary forms of surveillance, we call for a humanistic approach – an approach where hermeneutic and qualitative methods are central.
@article{Cocq1517733, author = {Cocq, Coppélie and Gelfgren, Stefan and Samuelsson, Lars and Enbom, Jesper}, institution = {Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, Finland}, journal = {Nordicom Review}, number = {2}, pages = {179--193}, title = {Online Surveillance in a Swedish Context : Between acceptance and resistance}, volume = {41}, doi = {10.2478/nor-2020-0022}, keywords = {online surveillance, surveillance culture, soft surveillance, privacy paradox, digital humanities}, year = {2020}, }
Automatic Classification of Swedish Metadata Using Dewey Decimal Classification : A Comparison of Approaches

Koraljka Golub , Johan Hagelbäck , and Anders Ardö

Journal of Data and Information Science, Aug 2020

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Purpose With more and more digital collections of various information resources becoming available, also increasing is the challenge of assigning subject index terms and classes from quality knowledge organization systems. While the ultimate purpose is to understand the value of automatically produced Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) classes for Swedish digital collections, the paper aims to evaluate the performance of six machine learning algorithms as well as a string-matching algorithm based on characteristics of DDC. Design/methodology/approach State-of-the-art machine learning algorithms require at least 1,000 training examples per class. The complete data set at the time of research involved 143,838 records which had to be reduced to top three hierarchical levels of DDC in order to provide sufficient training data (totaling 802 classes in the training and testing sample, out of 14,413 classes at all levels). Findings Evaluation shows that Support Vector Machine with linear kernel outperforms other machine learning algorithms as well as the string-matching algorithm on average; the string-matching algorithm outperforms machine learning for specific classes when characteristics of DDC are most suitable for the task. Word embeddings combined with different types of neural networks (simple linear network, standard neural network, 1D convolutional neural network, and recurrent neural network) produced worse results than Support Vector Machine, but reach close results, with the benefit of a smaller representation size. Impact of features in machine learning shows that using keywords or combining titles and keywords gives better results than using only titles as input. Stemming only marginally improves the results. Removed stop-words reduced accuracy in most cases, while removing less frequent words increased it marginally. The greatest impact is produced by the number of training examples: 81.90% accuracy on the training set is achieved when at least 1,000 records per class are available in the training set, and 66.13% when too few records (often less than 100 per class) on which to train are available—and these hold only for top 3 hierarchical levels (803 instead of 14,413 classes). Research limitations Having to reduce the number of hierarchical levels to top three levels of DDC because of the lack of training data for all classes, skews the results so that they work in experimental conditions but barely for end users in operational retrieval systems. Practical implications In conclusion, for operative information retrieval systems applying purely automatic DDC does not work, either using machine learning (because of the lack of training data for the large number of DDC classes) or using string-matching algorithm (because DDC characteristics perform well for automatic classification only in a small number of classes). Over time, more training examples may become available, and DDC may be enriched with synonyms in order to enhance accuracy of automatic classification which may also benefit information retrieval performance based on DDC. In order for quality information services to reach the objective of highest possible precision and recall, automatic classification should never be implemented on its own; instead, machine-aided indexing that combines the efficiency of automatic suggestions with quality of human decisions at the final stage should be the way for the future. Originality/value The study explored machine learning on a large classification system of over 14,000 classes which is used in operational information retrieval systems. Due to lack of sufficient training data across the entire set of classes, an approach complementing machine learning, that of string matching, was applied. This combination should be explored further since it provides the potential for real-life applications with large target classification systems.
@article{Golub1423645, author = {Golub, Koraljka and Hagelb{\"a}ck, Johan and Ard{\"o}, Anders}, institution = {Lund University, Sweden}, journal = {Journal of Data and Information Science}, number = {1}, pages = {18--38}, publisher = {National Science Library of Chinese Academy of Sciences}, title = {Automatic Classification of Swedish Metadata Using Dewey Decimal Classification : A Comparison of Approaches}, volume = {5}, doi = {10.2478/jdis-2020-0003}, year = {2020}, }
Digital humanities in Sweden and its infrastructure : Status quo and the sine qua non

Koraljka Golub , Elisabet Göransson , Anna Foka , and 1 more author

Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, Aug 2020

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The article offers a state-of-the-art overview of a number of Digital Humanities (DH) initiatives that have emerged in Sweden over the past decade. We identify two major developments that seem to be taking place within DH, with a specific focus on the infrastructural aspects of the development: (1) a strive to open up and broaden the research output and (2) multi-disciplinary collaboration and its effects. The two major components accentuate the new infrastructural patterns that are developing and the challenges these infer on universities. While current research is at large multi-disciplinary, developing infrastructures also enable the move towards post-disciplinarity, bringing the universities closer to the surrounding society. At five universities in Sweden, individual-sited infrastructures supporting DH research have been built today. They are complemented by national and international infrastructures, thus supporting developments and tackling some of the major challenges. In the article, the relations between individual disciplines, the question of multi- and post-disciplinarity, and the field of Digital Humanities are discussed, while stressing the factors necessary—sine qua non—for a fruitful development of the scholarly infrastructures.
@article{Golub1343297, author = {Golub, Koraljka and G{\"o}ransson, Elisabet and Foka, Anna and Huvila, Isto}, institution = {Uppsala University, Sweden}, journal = {Digital Scholarship in the Humanities}, number = {3}, pages = {547--556}, title = {Digital humanities in Sweden and its infrastructure : Status quo and the sine qua non}, volume = {35}, doi = {10.1093/llc/fqz042}, year = {2020}, }

2019

S\’a;mi media and indigenous agency in the Arctic north

Coppélie Cocq , and Thomas A. DuBois

Aug 2019

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Digital media–GIFs, films, TED Talks, tweets, and more–have become integral to daily life and, unsurprisingly, to Indigenous people’s strategies for addressing the historical and ongoing effects of colonization. In Sámi Media and Indigenous Agency in the Arctic North, Thomas DuBois and Coppélie Cocq examine how Sámi people of Norway, Finland, and Sweden use media to advance a social, cultural, and political agenda anchored in notions of cultural continuity and self-determination. Beginning in the 1970s, Sámi have used Sámi-language media—including commercially produced musical recordings, feature and documentary films, books of literature and poetry, and magazines—to communicate a sense of identity both within the Sámi community and within broader Nordic and international arenas. In more contemporary contexts—from YouTube music videos that combine rock and joik (a traditional Sámi musical genre) to Twitter hashtags that publicize protests against mining projects in Sámi lands—Sámi activists, artists, and cultural workers have used the media to undo layers of ignorance surrounding Sámi livelihoods and rights to self-determination. Downloadable songs, music festivals, films, videos, social media posts, images, and tweets are just some of the diverse media through which Sámi activists transform how Nordic majority populations view and understand Sámi minority communities and, more globally, how modern states regard and treat Indigenous populations.
@book{Cocq1545192, author = {Cocq, Coppélie and DuBois, Thomas A.}, institution = {University of Wisconsin Madison}, pages = {334}, title = {S{\’a;}mi media and indigenous agency in the Arctic north}, isbn = {9780295746616}, year = {2019}, }